Everything about Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper totally explained
Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (
May 12,
1856 –
September 9,
1901) was a
botanist and
phytogeographer who made major contributions in the fields of
histology,
ecology and plant geography.
Schimper was born in
Strasbourg,
France, into a family of eminent 19th century scientists. His father
Wilhelm Philipp Schimper (1808-1880) was Director of the Natural History Museum in
Strassburg, Professor of Geology, and a leading bryologist. His father's cousin was
Wilhelm Schimper (1804-1878), prominent collector and explorer in
Arabia and
North Africa and the naturalist
Karl Friedrich Schimper.
Andreas studied at the
University of Strassburg from 1874 to 1878, acquiring a Ph.D. Thereafter he worked in
Lyon and travelled to the
United States, staying in
Baltimore and
Massachusetts. In 1886 he was appointed Extraordinary Professor in
Bonn, where he worked largely on cell histology,
chromatophores and starch metabolism. He had become interested in
phytogeography and ecology, undertaking expeditions to the
West Indies and
Venezuela in 1882-1883, and to
Ceylon,
Malaya and
Java in 1889-1890, concentrating on mangroves, epiphytes and littoral vegetation. This resulted in his account of the
Rhizophoraceae in Engler & Prantl's
Naturl. Pflanzenfam.He is best known for
Pflanzengeographie auf Physiologischer Grundlage, published in
Jena in 1898, in which he coined the term
tropical rainforest.
In 1898 he accepted an invitation to join the
German deep-sea expedition aboard the
Valdivia under the leadership of Prof. Chun. The trip lasted 9 months during which time they visited the
Canary Islands,
Cameroon,
Cape Town, (where he joined
Rudolf Marloth on collecting trips in the southern Cape),
Kergeulen, New Amsterdam and
Cocos Islands,
Sumatra, the
Maldives, Ceylon, the
Seychelles and the
Red Sea.
Returning in 1899, he took up the appointment of Professor of Botany at the
University of Basel. His health had been seriously affected by
malaria contracted in
Cameroon and
Dar-es-Salaam and he died in 1901.
Marloth wrote an account of the Cape floral region for Chun's proposed
Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899. Schimper contributed two chapters on "Gebiet der Hartlaubgehölze" and "Der Knysnawald".
Schimper is commemorated in numerous specific names.
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